Power semiconductor system having an inductor module attached to a power stage module

ABSTRACT

A power semiconductor system includes: a power stage module having one or more power transistor dies attached to or embedded in a first printed circuit board; and an inductor module attached to the power stage module and having an inductor electrically connected to an output node of the power stage module. The inductor includes windings patterned into a second printed circuit board of the inductor module.

TECHNICAL FIELD

The present application relates to inductor modules for powersemiconductor systems, in particular an inductor module for attachmentto a power stage module of a power semiconductor system.

BACKGROUND

DC-DC voltage regulator systems such as buck converters include anarrangement of two power transistors, a gate driver IC and an inductorto convert voltage down for a load. Losses in a real system aregenerated at the connection path in the power system. To minimize theseparasitic losses, the power transistors and the gate driver IC areusually assembled together in a single power module while the inductoris assembled aside on the main PCB (printed circuit board). Lossesdepend on the distance and cross-section of the connection line betweenthe transistor output (switch node) and the inductor terminals, hence amore ideal solution which positions the inductor closer to the powermodule is needed.

SUMMARY

According to an embodiment of a power semiconductor system, the powersemiconductor system comprises a power stage module comprising one ormore power transistor dies attached to or embedded in a first printedcircuit board, and an inductor module attached to the power stage moduleand comprising an inductor electrically connected to an output node ofthe power stage module, the inductor being formed from a ferrite sheetembedded in a second printed circuit board and windings patterned intothe second printed circuit board.

According to an embodiment of a method of manufacturing the powersemiconductor system, the method comprises: providing a power stagemodule comprising one or more power transistor dies attached to orembedded in a first printed circuit board; and attaching an inductormodule to the power stage module, the inductor module comprising aninductor electrically connected to an output node of the power stagemodule, the inductor being formed from a ferrite sheet embedded in asecond printed circuit board and windings patterned into the secondprinted circuit board.

According to an embodiment of a method of manufacturing the inductormodule, the method comprising: embedding a ferrite sheet in aninsulating material, the ferrite sheet having a plurality of elongatedopenings; laminating first and second metal sheets onto the insulatingmaterial over opposite sides of the ferrite sheet to form a panel;forming holes through the first and the second metal sheets and theinsulating material, the holes being aligned with the elongated openingsin the ferrite sheet; plating the holes with metal to form electricallyconductive vias that extend between the first and the second metalsheets; patterning the first and the second metal sheets to form metaltraces which are electrically connected by the vias to form a pluralityof individual inductors; and dividing the panel into separate printedcircuit boards, each printed circuit board including one or more of theindividual inductors.

Those skilled in the art will recognize additional features andadvantages upon reading the following detailed description, and uponviewing the accompanying drawings.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE FIGURES

The elements of the drawings are not necessarily to scale relative toeach other. Like reference numerals designate corresponding similarparts. The features of the various illustrated embodiments can becombined unless they exclude each other. Embodiments are depicted in thedrawings and are detailed in the description which follows.

FIG. 1 illustrates a schematic view of an embodiment of a powersemiconductor system that includes an inductor module attached to apower stage module.

FIG. 2 illustrates a sectional view of an embodiment of a plurality ofindividual inductor modules soldered to a PCB panel of power stagemodules.

FIG. 3A illustrates a sectional view of an embodiment of a PCB panel ofinductor modules laminated onto a PCB panel of power stage modules.

FIG. 3B illustrates a sectional view of another embodiment of a PCBpanel of inductor modules laminated onto a PCB panel of power stagemodules.

FIG. 4A illustrates a top-down plan view of an embodiment of an inductormodule, and FIG. 4B illustrates a corresponding sectional view of theinductor module.

FIG. 5A illustrates a top-down plan view of another embodiment of aninductor module, and FIG. 5B illustrates a corresponding sectional viewof the inductor module.

FIG. 6A illustrates a top-down plan view of yet another embodiment of aninductor module, and FIG. 6B illustrates a corresponding sectional viewof the inductor module.

FIG. 7 illustrates a top-down plan view of an embodiment of anelectronically conductive via and metal trace of an inductor module.

FIGS. 8A through 8I illustrate sectional views of an embodiment ofmanufacturing the inductor modules shown in FIGS. 1 through 6B, andFIGS. 9A through 9I illustrate corresponding top-down plan views.

FIGS. 10A through 10H illustrate sectional views of another embodimentof manufacturing the inductor modules shown in FIGS. 1 through 6B, andFIGS. 11A through 11H illustrate corresponding top-down plan views.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

The embodiments described herein provide embedded PCB inductor modulesmanufactured using standard PCB processes with PCB materials and ferritesheets. The inductor modules can be mounted on top of power stagemodules of a DC-DC converter, using standard soldering or lamination andvia drilling processes. The size and shape of the inductor modules canbe optimized to match the power stage module to which the inductormodule is to be attached. With such an inductor module, overall systemcost and size is reduced while allowing for the manufacture of acustomized (size, shape, inductance/resistance value, etc.) inductormodule for various applications.

The inductor modules include an embedded ferrite sheet and metal wiringon both sides of the module connected together by plated through holes.The inductor module can be integrated into a power stage or other modulewith embedded die(s) using soldering or lamination processes. Theferrite sheet is used as an inductor core layer in a standard PCB board.The ferrite sheet is embedded in a standard PCB insulating material suchas FR4, prepreg (sheets of glass cloth pre-impregnated with uncuredepoxy resin), resin sheets, epoxy, etc., and metal sheets are laminatedonto the insulating material using standard PCB processes. The inductorwiring is implemented by traces pattered into the metal sheets on thetop and bottom sides of the inductor module that are connected togetherby plated through holes. The ferrite sheet can include elongatedopenings for the plated through holes. The cross-section area throughwhich the flux passes can be made very wide. Due to the absence of anair gap, the flux is confined in the magnetic core (ferrite sheet),which reduces fringing effects and lowers EMI (electromagneticinterference), and depending on the properties of the ferrite sheet,allows the core to saturate easier at high current.

FIG. 1 illustrates an embodiment of a DC-DC voltage regulator system ofthe buck converter type. The buck converter system includes high-sideand low-side power transistors M1, M2 such as power MOSFETs(metal-oxide-semiconductor field effect transistors), IGBTs (insulatedgate bipolar transistors), HEMTs (high electron mobility transistors),etc., a gate driver IC (integrated circuit) 100, and an inductor L andcapacitor C to convert an input voltage Vin down to Vout for a loadwhich is represented by resistor R. The high-side power transistor M1and the low-side power transistor M2 are coupled at a switching nodeVsw. The inductor L is coupled to the switching node Vsw, and thecapacitor C is coupled to the inductor L for reducing voltage ripple atthe regulator output Vout. Losses in such a system are generated at theconnection paths in the power system, e.g. between the switch node Vswof the converter and the output inductor L. To minimize parasiticlosses, the power transistors M1, M2 and the gate driver IC 100 areassembled together in a single package 102, also referred to herein as apower stage module. The inductor L is assembled in a separate module 104using standard PCB processes, and attached to the output OUT of thepower stage module 102 e.g. by soldering or lamination. The output OUTof the power stage module 102 is electrically connected internally tothe switch node Vsw. In one embodiment, the inductor L of the inductormodule 104 attached to the power stage module 102 has an inductance in arange of 400 nH to 550 nH, a resistance less than 100 milliohm and asaturation current of about 8 A or greater. In general, the inductorsare well-suited for power applications and designed for high-currentsuch as 1 or more amperes. For high-power applications, the inductanceis at least 300 nH or greater to avoid saturation.

FIG. 2 illustrates an embodiment of attaching separate inductor modules102 to a PCB panel 200 of power stage modules 102 to form powersemiconductor systems. According to this embodiment, there are multiplepower stage modules 102 in the PCB panel 200 and the power stage modules102 have yet to be singulated at the time of inductor module attachment.The individual inductor modules 104, having already been manufacturedand singulated, are soldered to respective ones of the power stagemodules 102. Any standard soldering process can be used to form solderjoints 202 between the power stage modules 102 and the respectiveinductor modules 102.

Both the power stage modules 102 and the separate inductor modules 104are formed using standard PCB processing according to the embodimentshown in FIG. 2 . Each power stage module 102 includes one or more powertransistor dies 204 attached to or embedded in a first PCB 206. Thefirst PCB 206 includes one or more patterned metal sheets 208 laminatedon standard PCB insulating material 210 such as FR4, prepreg, resinsheets, epoxy, etc. Conductive vias 212 form electrical connectionsbetween the patterned metal sheets 208 and between a patterned metalsheet 208 and the die(s) 204 included in the respective power stagemodules 102. Contact pads 216 can be patterned into the topmost andbottommost metal sheets of the power stage modules 102, to provideelectrical and/or thermal pathways to each power stage module 102. Someof the top-side contact pads 216 of the power stage modules 102 in FIG.2 form the output node OUT shown in FIG. 1 .

Each inductor module 104 comprises an inductor electrically connected tothe output node of the power stage module 102 to which that inductormodule 104 is soldered. The inductor is formed from a ferrite sheet 218embedded in a second PCB board 220 and windings patterned into thesecond PCB 220. The second PCB 220 includes a standard PCB insulatingmaterial 222 such as FR4, prepreg, resin sheets, epoxy, etc. in whichthe ferrite sheet 218 is embedded. First and second metal sheets 224,226 are laminated onto the insulating material 222 over opposite sidesof the ferrite sheet 218 using standard PCB processing. The inductorwindings are formed by metal traces patterned into the metal sheets 224,226, and a plurality of electrically conductive vias 228 which extendbetween the metal sheets 224, 226 and connect the metal traces to formone or more coils. After soldering of the inductor modules 104 to therespective power stage modules 102 of the PCB panel 200, individualpower semiconductor systems can be realized by singulating the PCB panel200 e.g. by sawing, dicing, etc.

FIG. 3A illustrates another embodiment of attaching inductor modules 104to power stage modules 102 to form power semiconductor systems. Theembodiment shown in FIG. 3A is similar to the embodiment shown in FIG. 2. Different, however, the inductor modules 104 are laminated onto therespective power stage modules 102. According to this embodiment, boththe power stage modules 102 and the inductor modules 104 are stillarranged as part of different PCB panels 200, 300 at the time ofattachment. That is, neither the inductor modules 104 nor the powerstage modules 102 are singulated prior to attachment. Standard PCBprocessing is employed to form an additional insulating material 302such as FR4, prepreg, resin sheets, epoxy, etc. between the power stagePCB panel 200 and the inductor PCB panel 300. Electrically conductivevias 304 are formed in the additional PCB insulating material 302 toelectrically connect the inductors of the inductor modules 104 to therespective output nodes of the power stage modules 102. After laminationof the inductor PCB panel 300 to the power stage PCB panel 200,individual power semiconductor systems can be realized by singulation,e.g. by sawing, dicing, etc.

FIG. 3B illustrates another embodiment of attaching the inductor modules104 to the power stage modules 102 by a lamination process to form powersemiconductor systems. According to this embodiment, the inductor PCBpanel 300 is laminated to the power stage PCB panel 200 by aligning thepanels 200, 300 with additional PCB insulating materials 306, 308, 310and metal sheets 312, 314. The stack is then laminated using anystandard PCB process. Part of the PCB process involves forming holes inthe laminated stack, plating the holes and patterning the top and bottommetal sheets 312, 314 to form top and bottom contact pads 316, 318, viaconnections 320 to the bottom contact pads 318, and through viaconnections 322 to electrically connect the respective inductor modules104 to the corresponding power stage modules 102. After lamination ofthe inductor PCB panel 300 to the power stage PCB panel 200, individualpower semiconductor systems can be realized by singulation, e.g. bysawing, dicing, etc.

Various embodiments of inductor module structures and methods ofmanufacture are described next.

FIG. 4A shows a top-down plan view of an embodiment of an inductormodule, and FIG. 4B shows a corresponding sectional view. FIG. 4A showsthe inductor module with the ferrite sheet 218 exposed, so that therelationship between the electrically conductive vias 228 and theferrite sheet 218 is visible in the top-down plan view. According tothis embodiment, each individual one of the plurality of electricallyconductive vias 228 is disposed in a different through hole 400 formedin the ferrite sheet 218. The through holes 400 can be formed by laserdrilling, mechanical drilling, stamping, etc. of the ferrite sheet 218.Sidewalls of the through holes 400 formed in the ferrite sheet 218 canbe covered by an electrically insulating material before the conductivevias 228 are formed, to electrically insulate the vias 228 from theferrite sheet 218. If the ferrite sheet 218 is not electricallyconductive or a poor electrical conductor, the sidewall insulation canbe omitted and the vias 228 can be plated directly on the sidewalls ofthe through holes 400 formed in the ferrite sheet 218. In this case, theferrite sheet 218 is selected so that the plated metal adheressufficiently to the sidewalls of the through holes 400 to form theelectrically conductive vias 228. The holes can have a different sizeand/or shape than shown e.g. the holes can be larger, have sloped orslanted sidewalls, can be small/round, etc.

FIG. 5A shows a top-down plan view of another embodiment of an inductormodule, and FIG. 5B shows a corresponding sectional view. FIG. 5A showsthe inductor module with the ferrite sheet 218 exposed, so that therelationship between the electrically conductive vias 228 and theferrite sheet 218 is visible in the top-down plan view. According tothis embodiment, the ferrite sheet 218 is pre-formed with a plurality ofelongated openings 500 prior to lamination. The elongated openings 500can be formed by laser drilling, mechanical drilling, stamping, etc. ofthe ferrite sheet 218. The PCB insulating material 222 of the inductormodule fills the elongated openings 500 during the lamination process.Holes are then formed through the PCB insulating material 222 and platedso that a first group 502 of the electrically conductive vias 228 passesthrough a first preformed elongated opening 500-1 in the ferrite sheet218 and a second group 504 of the electrically conductive vias 228passes through a second preformed elongated opening 500-2 in the ferritesheet 218 to connect the metal traces on both sides of the module andform one or more coils of the inductor. The holes can have a differentsize and/or shape than shown e.g. the holes can be larger, have slopedor slanted sidewalls, can be small/round, etc.

FIG. 6A shows a top-down plan view of an inductor module, and FIG. 6Bshows a corresponding sectional view. FIG. 6A shows the inductor modulewith the ferrite sheet 218 exposed, so that the relationship between theelectrically conductive vias 228 and the ferrite sheet 218 is visible inthe top-down plan view. According to this embodiment, the ferrite sheet218 is patterned into an elongated toroid prior to lamination, e.g. bylaser drilling, mechanical drilling, stamping, etc. The PCB insulatingmaterial 222 fills the space around the elongated toroid during thelamination process. Holes are then formed through the PCB insulatingmaterial 222 and plated so that a first group 600 of the electricallyconductive vias 228 extends along a first outer elongated side 602 ofthe toroid, a second group 604 of the electrically conductive vias 228extends along a first inner elongated side 606 of the toroid, a thirdgroup 608 of the electrically conductive vias 228 extends along a secondinner elongated side 610 of the toroid and a fourth group 612 of theelectrically conductive vias 228 extends along a second outer elongatedside 614 of the toroid to connect the metal traces and form one or morecoils of the inductor. The holes can have a different size and/or shapethan shown e.g. the holes can be larger, have sloped or slantedsidewalls, can be small/round, etc.

In each of the embodiments illustrated in FIGS. 1 through 6B, theelectrically conductive vias 228 that connect the metal traces to formthe inductor coils are plated through holes formed using standard PCBprocessing. The through holes can be lined with an insulating materialprior to plating, or be uncovered at the start of the plating process.Depending on the diameter of the through holes, just the sidewalls ofthe through holes may be plated with the inner part remaining open, oreach individual through hole can be filled with metal to form theelectrically conductive vias 228.

FIG. 7 illustrates an embodiment of one of the electrically conductivevias 228 connected to a metal trace 700 of the inductor module 104.According to this embodiment, the electrically conductive via 228 has adiameter D in a range of 80 micrometers to 300 micrometers, e.g. 100micrometers to 200 micrometers, 150 micrometers to 200 micrometers, etc.The thickness t of the through hole sidewall plating 702 can range from10 to 15 micrometers to 40 micrometers, for example. The width W1 of themetal trace 700 surrounding the electrically conductive via 228 can bein a range of 20 micrometers to 30 micrometers, for example. The widthW2 of the metal trace 700 elsewhere can be in a range of 200 micrometersto 250 micrometers, for example. The dimensions of the metal traces 700can be smaller or larger, and depend on the target inductance. Theelectrically conductive via 228 can include just the through holesidewall plating 702, or can be filled entirely with metal.

FIGS. 8A through 8I illustrate sectional views of an embodiment ofmanufacturing the inductor modules 104 shown in FIGS. 1 through 6B.FIGS. 9A through 9I illustrate the corresponding top-down plan views.

In FIGS. 8A and 9A, a ferrite sheet 218 is provided. The dimensions andcomposition (e.g. NiZn, NiZnCu, MnZn, etc.) of the ferrite sheet 218 canbe selected as desired, and depend on the end application. For example,the ferrite sheet 218 can have a relative magnetic permeability in arange of 20 Mur to 500 Mur. At higher magnetic fields e.g. H of about1e4, ferrite sheets with low relative magnetic permeability e.g. lessthan 100 Mur are well suited for high current applications. At lowermagnetic fields e.g. H of about 1e3, ferrite sheets with high relativemagnetic permeability e.g. above 200 Mur are well suited for low currentapplications. Thickness of the ferrite sheet 218 also effects themagnetic performance of the sheet 218.

In FIGS. 8B and 9B, elongated openings 500 are formed in the ferritesheet 218 by laser drilling, mechanical drilling, stamping, etc.Alignment holes 800 can also be formed in the ferrite sheet 218 at thisstep, to aid in the subsequent PCB lamination process.

In FIGS. 8C and 9C, a copper sheet (foil) 802 and one or more sheets ofPCB insulating material 804 such as prepreg are provided. The ferritesheet 218 is then placed on the one or more sheets of PCB insulatingmaterial 804. One or more additional sheets of PCB insulating material806 and another copper sheet (foil) 808 are then placed on the ferritesheet 218.

In FIGS. 8D and 9D, the stack of layers is pressed together and heatedto bond the layers together. The heat melts and cures epoxy resin in thesheets of PCB insulating material 804, 806 while the pressure bonds thelayers together. During this process, the ferrite sheet 218 with thepreformed elongated openings 500 is embedded in the PCB insulatingmaterial 804, 806 and the lower and upper copper sheets 802, 808 arelaminated onto the insulating material 804, 806 over opposite sides ofthe ferrite sheet 218 to form a PCB panel 810. The elongated openings500 and alignment holes 800 in the ferrite sheet 218 are illustratedwith dashed lines in FIG. 9D since the ferrite sheet 218 is out of view.

In FIGS. 8E and 9E, the preformed alignment holes 800 are located usinge.g. X-ray imaging or by forming openings, and new alignment holes 812are formed through the PCB panel 810 based on the location of thepreformed alignment holes 800 in the ferrite sheet 218. The newalignment holes 812 are then used to align the subsequent through holeformation process. The new alignment holes 812 can be formed using anystandard PCB through hole formation process such as laser or mechanicaldrilling.

In FIGS. 8F and 9F, holes 814 are formed through the upper and lowercopper sheets 802, 808 and the PCB insulating material 804, 806. Thealignment holes 812 formed in FIGS. 8E and 9E are used to align thethrough holes 814 with the preformed elongated openings 800 in theferrite sheet 218. The through holes 814 can be formed using anystandard PCB through hole formation process such as laser or mechanicaldrilling.

In FIGS. 8G and 9G, the through holes 814 are plated with metal 816. Anystandard PCB through hole plating process such as electrolessdeposition, electroplating, direct metallization, etc. can be used toplate the through holes 814 with metal 816. As explained above,depending on the diameter of the through holes 814, only sidewalls ofthe through holes 814 may be plated or the through holes 814 may becompletely filled e.g. with Cu. The plated holes form electricallyconductive vias that extend between the upper and lower copper sheets802, 808.

In FIGS. 8H and 9H, the upper and lower copper sheets 802, 808 arepatterned to form metal traces 818 which are electrically connected bythe vias 814/816 to form a plurality of individual inductors 820. Anystandard PCB process for structuring the upper and lower copper sheets802, 808 can be used such as photolithography and etching, silk screenprinting, photoengraving, PCB milling, laser resist ablation, etc.

In FIGS. 8I and 9I, the PCB panel 810 is divided into separate PCBs 822.Each PCB 822 includes one or more of the individual inductors 820previously formed in the PCB panel 810. Any standard PCB panelsingulation process can be used such as drilling or routing perforationsalong the boundaries of the individual modules, or cutting V-shapedgrooves across the full dimension of the PCB panel 810 to form lines ofweakness and breaking the panel 810 apart along these lines, lasercutting the PCB panel, mechanical sawing/dicing, etc.

FIGS. 10A through 10H illustrate sectional views of another embodimentof manufacturing the inductor modules shown in FIGS. 1 through 5B. FIGS.11A through 11H illustrate the corresponding top-down plan views.

In FIGS. 10A and 11A, a panel jig 900 with a plurality of alignment pins902 is provided.

In FIGS. 10B and 11B, a copper sheet 904 is placed on the panel jig 900.The alignment pins 902 of the panel jig 900 penetrate through the coppersheet 904.

In FIGS. 10C and 11C, one or more sheets of PCB insulating material 906such as prepreg are placed on the copper sheet 904. The alignment pins902 of the panel jig 900 penetrate through each sheet of PCB insulatingmaterial 906.

In FIGS. 10D and 11D, a plurality of separate ferrite sheets 908 areplaced on the one or more sheets of PCB insulating material 906. Thealignment pins 902 of the panel jig 900 are inserted into respectivepreformed alignment holes 910 of the separate ferrite sheets 908, toalign the separate ferrite sheets 908 on the panel jig 900 prior toembedding the separate ferrite sheets 908 in PCB insulating material.Each separate ferrite sheet 908 also includes a plurality of elongatedopenings 912.

In FIGS. 10E and 11E, one or more additional sheets of PCB insulatingmaterial 914 such as prepreg are placed on the ferrite sheets 908. Thealignment pins 902 of the panel jig 900 penetrate through eachadditional sheet of PCB insulating material 914.

In FIGS. 10F and 11F, a copper sheet 916 is placed on the one or moreadditional sheets of PCB insulating material 914. The alignment pins 902of the panel jig 900 penetrate through the top copper sheet 916.

In FIGS. 10G and 11G, the PCB layers are point welded 918 to hold thelayers in place during the subsequent lamination process.

In FIGS. 10H and 11H, the panel jig 900 is removed. Alternatively, thepanel jig 900 can remain in place during the subsequent laminationprocess. Standard PCB panel lamination and singulation processes arethen performed to yield individual inductor modules, e.g. as illustratedin FIGS. 8D through 9I and described above. The holes 920 in the PCBpanel that result from removing the alignment pins 902 of the PCB jig900 can be used to align through holes with the elongated openings 910in the separate ferrite sheets 908. In another embodiment, X-ray imagingcan be used to detect alignment marks preformed in the ferrite sheets908. With this approach, exact alignment between the separate ferritesheets 908 is not necessary. Instead, each ferrite sheet 908 can bealigned separately/individually.

Terms such as “first”, “second”, and the like, are used to describevarious elements, regions, sections, etc. and are also not intended tobe limiting. Like terms refer to like elements throughout thedescription.

As used herein, the terms “having”, “containing”, “including”,“comprising” and the like are open ended terms that indicate thepresence of stated elements or features, but do not preclude additionalelements or features. The articles “a”, “an” and “the” are intended toinclude the plural as well as the singular, unless the context clearlyindicates otherwise.

It is to be understood that the features of the various embodimentsdescribed herein may be combined with each other, unless specificallynoted otherwise.

Although specific embodiments have been illustrated and describedherein, it will be appreciated by those of ordinary skill in the artthat a variety of alternate and/or equivalent implementations may besubstituted for the specific embodiments shown and described withoutdeparting from the scope of the present invention. This application isintended to cover any adaptations or variations of the specificembodiments discussed herein. Therefore, it is intended that thisinvention be limited only by the claims and the equivalents thereof.

What is claimed is:
 1. A power semiconductor system, comprising: a powerstage module comprising one or more power transistor dies attached to orembedded in a first printed circuit board; and an inductor moduleattached to the power stage module and comprising an inductorelectrically connected to an output node of the power stage module,wherein the inductor comprises windings patterned into a second printedcircuit board of the inductor module.
 2. The power semiconductor systemof claim 1, wherein the second printed circuit board of the inductormodule comprises: an insulating material; and first and second metalsheets laminated onto the insulating material.
 3. The powersemiconductor system of claim 2, wherein the windings of the inductorare formed by metal traces patterned into the first and second metalsheets and a plurality of electrically conductive vias which extendbetween the first and second metal sheets and connect the metal tracesto form one or more coils.
 4. The power semiconductor system of claim 3,wherein the second printed circuit board of the inductor modulecomprises a ferrite sheet embedded in the insulating material, andwherein the first and second metal sheets are laminated onto theinsulating material over opposite sides of the ferrite sheet.
 5. Thepower semiconductor system of claim 4, wherein each individual one ofthe plurality of electrically conductive vias is disposed in a differentthrough hole formed in the ferrite sheet.
 6. The power semiconductorsystem of claim 5, wherein sidewalls of the through holes formed in theferrite sheet are covered by an electrically insulating material.
 7. Thepower semiconductor system of claim 4, wherein the plurality ofelectrically conductive vias is electrically insulated from the ferritesheet.
 8. The power semiconductor system of claim 4, wherein the ferritesheet has a plurality of elongated openings, and wherein a first groupof the plurality of electrically conductive vias passes through a firstone of the elongated openings and a second group of the plurality ofelectrically conductive vias passes through a second one of theelongated openings to connect the metal traces and form the one or morecoils.
 9. The power semiconductor system of claim 4, wherein eachindividual one of the plurality of electrically conductive vias isfilled with metal.
 10. The power semiconductor system of claim 4,wherein the ferrite sheet is patterned into an elongated toroid, andwherein a first group of the plurality of electrically conductive viasextends along a first outer elongated side of the toroid, a second groupof the plurality of electrically conductive vias extends along a firstinner elongated side of the toroid, a third group of the plurality ofelectrically conductive vias extends along a second inner elongated sideof the toroid and a fourth group of the plurality of electricallyconductive vias extends along a second outer elongated side of thetoroid to connect the metal traces and form the one or more coils. 11.The power semiconductor system of claim 1, wherein the inductor moduleis soldered to the power stage module.
 12. The power semiconductorsystem of claim 1, wherein the inductor module is laminated onto thepower stage module.
 13. The power semiconductor system of claim 12,wherein the inductor of the inductor module is electrically connected tothe output node of the power stage module by one or more electricallyconductive vias formed in an insulating material which laminates theinductor module onto the power stage module.
 14. The power semiconductorsystem of claim 1, wherein a first one of the one or more powertransistor dies of the power stage module includes a high-side powertransistor of a buck converter system, wherein a second one of the oneor more power transistor dies of the power stage module includes alow-side power transistor of the buck converter system, wherein thehigh-side power transistor and the low-side power transistor areelectrically coupled at the output node of the power stage module, andwherein the inductor of the inductor module is an output inductor of thebuck converter system.
 15. The power semiconductor system of claim 14,wherein the power stage module further comprises a gate driver IC forthe high-side power transistor and the low-side power transistor. 16.The power semiconductor system of claim 1, wherein the inductor of theinductor module has an inductance in a range of 400 nH to 550 nH, aresistance less than 100 milliohm, and a saturation current of 8 A orgreater.